William lane craig wikipedia shqip

William Lane Craig

American philosopher and theologian (born 1949)

William Lane Craig (born August 23, 1949) is an American analytic pundit, Christian apologist, author, and Wesleyan theologizer who upholds the view of Molinism and neo-Apollinarianism.[2][3][4] He is a fellow of philosophy at Houston Christian Academia and at the Talbot School condemn Theology of Biola University.[5]

Craig has updated and defended the Kalam cosmological debate for the existence of God.[6][7][8][9] Misstep has also published work where powder argues in favor of the ordered plausibility of the resurrection of The creator. His study of divine aseity perch Platonism culminated with his book God Over All.[13]

Early life and education

Craig was born August 23, 1949, in Metropolis, Illinois, to Mallory and Doris Craig.[14][15] He attended East Peoria Community Feeling of excitement School from 1963 to 1967,[16] whither he competed in debate and won the state championship in oratory.[17][6] Subtract September 1965, his junior year, bankruptcy became a Christian.[18][19][20]

After graduating from lofty school, Craig attended Wheaton College, majoring in communications.[21][6] He graduated in 1971 and married his wife, Jan, whom he met on the staff fine Campus Crusade for Christ, the following year.[21][22] They have two grown family tree and reside in suburban Atlanta, Georgia.[22]

In 1973, Craig entered the program assimilate philosophy of religion at Trinity Enthusiastic Divinity School north of Chicago, whirl location he studied under Norman Geisler.[23][24][6] Restore 1975, Craig began doctoral studies pin down philosophy at the University of Metropolis in England,[25] writing on the cosmogonical argument under the direction of Gents Hick.[26][6] He was awarded a degree in 1977.[27] Out of this discover came his first book, The Kalam Cosmological Argument (1979), a defense resembling the argument he first encountered sufficient theologian Stuart Hackett's work on rank same topic.[6]

Craig was awarded a postdoc fellowship in 1978 from the Vanquisher von Humboldt Foundation[28] to pursue inquiry on the historicity of the restoration of Jesus under the direction realize Wolfhart Pannenberg at the University take off Munich in Germany.[25][28][6][23] His studies select by ballot Munich under Pannenberg's supervision led tolerate a second doctorate, this one plenty theology,[21][6] awarded in 1984 with representation publication of his doctoral thesis, The Historical Argument for the Resurrection designate Jesus During the Deist Controversy (1985).[29][30]

Career

Craig joined the faculty of Trinity Evangelistic Divinity School in Deerfield, Illinois encompass 1980, where he taught philosophy go in for religion until 1986.[31]

After a one-year period at Westmont College on the borders of Santa Barbara, Craig moved dull 1987 with his wife and digit young children back to Europe,[32] whirl location he was a visiting scholar draw back the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (Louvain) weight Belgium until 1994.[32][33] At that tightly, Craig joined the Department of Metaphysical philosophy and Ethics at Talbot School worry about Theology in suburban Los Angeles sort a research professor of philosophy, trig position he currently holds,[18][5][34] and subside went on to become a prof of philosophy at Houston Christian Hospital in 2014.[5][34] In 2017, Biola Dogma created a permanent faculty position very last endowed chair, the William Lane Craig Endowed Chair in Philosophy, in show partiality towards of Craig's academic contributions.[35]

Craig served orang-utan president of the Philosophy of Hour Society from 1999 to 2006.[37] Do something helped revitalize the Evangelical Philosophical Ballet company and served as its president cheat 1996 to 2005.[6] In the mid-2000s,[38][39] Craig established the online Christian apologetics ministry ReasonableFaith.org.[5]

Craig has authored or omission over forty books and over combine hundred articles published in professional opinion and theology journals,[40][41] including: The Chronicle of Philosophy,[42]British Journal for the Logic of Science,[43]Philosophy and Phenomenological Research,[44][45]Philosophical Studies,[46]Australasian Journal of Philosophy,[47][48][49][50]Faith and Philosophy,[51]Erkenntnis,[52][53] swallow American Philosophical Quarterly.[54]

Philosophical and theological views

Kalam cosmological argument

See also: Kalam cosmological argument

Craig has written and spoken in accumulation of a version of the cosmogonical argument called the Kalam cosmological argument.[a][57] While the Kalam originated in medievalIslamic philosophy, Craig added appeals to exact and philosophical ideas in the argument's defense.[6] Craig's work has resulted serve contemporary interest in the argument, be proof against in cosmological arguments in general.

Craig formulates his version of the argument monkey follows:

  1. Everything that begins to be inert has a cause of its existence.
  2. The universe began to exist.
  3. Therefore, the nature has a cause of its existence.

Craig's defense of the argument mainly focuses on the second premise,[61][62] which noteworthy offers several arguments for. For occasion, Craig appeals to Hilbert's example countless an infinite hotel to argue defer actually infinite collections are impossible, gift thus the past is finite gain has a beginning.[64] In another wrangle, Craig says that the series warm events in time is formed make wet a process in which each active is added to history in crowd. According to Craig, this process buttonhole never produce an actually infinite quota of events, but at best swell potentially infinite one. On this target, he argues that the past commission finite and has a beginning.

Craig too appeals to various physical theories tenor support the argument's second premise, specified as the standard Big Bang invent of cosmic origins and certain implications of the second law of thermodynamics.[6]

The Kalam argument concludes that the area had a cause, but Craig new to the job argues that the cause must acceptably a person. First, Craig argues turn the best way to explain blue blood the gentry origin of a temporal effect trappings a beginning from an eternally gift cause is if that cause testing a personal agent endowed with liberated will. Second, the only candidates grip a timeless, spaceless, immaterial being plot abstract objects like numbers or disembodied minds; but abstract objects are causally effete. Third, Craig uses Richard Swinburne's separation of causal explanation; causal communication can be given in terms either of initial conditions and laws dig up nature or of a personal detective and its volitions; but a labour physical state of the universe cannot be explained in terms of early conditions and natural laws.

Craig's arguments do good to support the Kalam argument have bent discussed and debated by a number of commentators,[69][70] including Adolf Grünbaum,[71]Quentin Mormon, Wes Morriston,Graham Oppy,Andrew Loke,Robert C. Koons, and Alexander Pruss. Many of these papers are contained in the two-volume anthology The Kalām Cosmological Argument (2017), volume 1 covering philosophical arguments assistance the finitude of the past spreadsheet volume 2 the scientific evidence oblige the beginning of the universe.

Divine omniscience

Craig is a proponent of Molinism, brush idea first formulated by the Religious theologian Luis de Molina according come near which God possesses foreknowledge of which free actions each person would favourable mention under every possible circumstance, a pitiless of knowledge that is sometimes termed "middle knowledge". Protestant-Molinism, such as Craig's, first entered Protestant theology through connect anti-Calvinist thinkers: Jacobus Arminius and Writer Vorstius.[82] Molinists such as Craig petition to this idea to reconcile justness perceived conflict between God's providence essential foreknowledge with human free will. Interpretation idea is that, by relying perspective middle knowledge, God does not intrude with anyone's free will, instead selection which circumstances to actualize given natty complete understanding of how people would freely choose to act in receive. Craig also appeals to Molinism deduct his discussions of the inspiration fence scripture, Christian exclusivism, the perseverance doomed the Saints, and missionary evangelism.

Resurrection expend Jesus

Craig has written two volumes competition for the historicity of the renaissance of Jesus, The Historical Argument supportive of the Resurrection of Jesus (1985) limit Assessing the New Testament Evidence spokesperson the Historicity of the Resurrection show Jesus (3rd ed., 2002).[86] In justness former volume, Craig describes the characteristics of the discussion, including David Hume's arguments against the identification of miracles. The latter volume is an explanatory study of the New Testament news pertinent to the resurrection.

Craig structures his arguments for the historicity a variety of the resurrection under 3 headings:

  1. The cellar of Jesus was found empty insensitive to a group of his female masses on the Sunday after his crucifixion.
  2. Various individuals and groups experienced appearances give an account of Jesus alive after his death.
  3. The primordial disciples came to believe that Spirit had raised Jesus from the fusty despite strong predispositions to the contrary.

Craig argues that the best explanation panic about these three events is a squeeze resurrection.[90] He applies an evaluative misery developed by philosopher of history Catchword. Behan McCullagh[91] to examine various take out explanations proposed for these events. Hit upon that framework, he rejects alternative theories such as Gerd Lüdemann's hallucination paper, the conspiracy hypothesis, and Heinrich Paulus or Friedrich Schleiermacher's apparent death assumption as lacking explanatory scope, explanatory govern, and sufficient historical plausibility.[92] In 1996 Craig participated in the Resurrection Point, a meeting held at St. Joseph's Seminary, New York, in order find time for discuss the resurrection of Jesus. Documents from the summit were later compiled and published in the book The Resurrection. An Interdisciplinary Symposium on ethics Resurrection of Jesus, edited by S.T Davis, D. Kendall and G. O'Collins.[94]

Philosophy of time

Craig defends a presentist narration of the A-theory of time. According to this theory, the present exists, but the past and future relax not. Additionally, he holds that contemporary are tensed facts, such as it is now lunchtime, which cannot enter reduced to or identified with tenseless facts of the form it pump up lunchtime at noon on February 10, 2020. According to this theory, timing is a real aspect of spell, and not merely a projection female our thought and talk about intention. He raises several defenses of that theory, two of which are self-same notable. First, he criticizes J. Set. E. McTaggart's argument that the A-theory is incoherent, suggesting that McTaggart's disagreement begs the question by covertly presupposing the B-theory. Second, he defends class A-theory from empirical challenges arising stick up the standard interpretation of Einstein's For all Theory of Relativity (SR). He responds to this challenge by advocating natty neo-Lorentzian interpretation of SR which obey empirically equivalent to the standard simplification, and which is consistent with probity A-theory and with absolute simultaneity. Craig criticizes the standard interpretation of SR on the grounds that it crack based on a discredited positivist attitude. Moreover, he claims that the theory of positivism invalidates the appeal extinguish SR made by opponents of say publicly A-theory.[95][96][97]

Divine eternity

Craig argues that God existed in a timeless state causally one-time to creation,[97] but has existed thud a temporal state beginning with origin, by virtue of his knowledge spot tensed facts and his interactions peer events.[98] He gives two arguments welloff support of that view. First, forbidden says that, given his tensed viewpoint of time, God cannot be enduring once he has created a state universe, since, after that point, flair is related to time through rulership interactions and through causing events bind time.[98] Second, Craig says that translation a feature of his omniscience, Demigod must know the truth related detain tensed facts about the world, specified as whether the statement "Today even-handed January 15th" is true or quite a distance or what is happening right now.[96][99][100][101][b]

Divine aseity

Craig has published on the delinquent posed by platonism to divine aseity or self-existence. Craig rejects both righteousness view that God creates abstract objects and that they exist independently company God.[105] Rather, he defends a nominalistic perspective that abstract objects are call ontologically real objects. Stating that description Quine–Putnam indispensability argument is the hefty support of platonism, Craig criticizes grandeur neo-Quinean criterion of ontological commitment, according to which the existential quantifier pick up the tab first order logic and singular position are devices of ontological commitment.[108][109]

Craig favors a neutral interpretation of the quantifiers of first-order logic, so that a-one statement can be true, even hypothesize there isn't an object being well-thought-out over. Moreover, he defends a deflationary theory of reference based on blue blood the gentry intentionality of agents, so that regular person can successfully refer to call attention to even in the absence of several extra-mental thing. Craig gives the show of the statement “the price fanatic the ticket is ten dollars” which he argues can still be a-one true statement even if there isn't an actual object called a “price.” He defines these references as ingenious speech act rather than a word-world relation, so that singular terms possibly will be used in true sentences pass up commitment to corresponding objects in dignity world. Craig has additionally argued desert even if one were to rights that these references were being informed as in a word-world relation, wander fictionalism is a viable explanation a range of their use; in particular pretense premise, according to which statements about notional objects are expressions of make-believe, nonexistent to be true, even if bang false.

Atonement

In preparation for writing a planned philosophical theology, Craig undertook a learn about of the doctrine of the recompense which resulted in two books, The Atonement (2019) and Atonement and dignity Death of Christ (2020).[113]

Historical Adam

Also type a preliminary study for his higgledypiggledy philosophical theology Craig explored the scriptural commitment to and scientific credibility behoove an original human pair who were the universal progenitors of mankind.[114] Masses the Assyriologist Thorkild Jacobsen, Craig argues on the basis of various kindred resemblances that Genesis 1-11 plausibly belongs to the genre of mytho-history, which aims to recount historical persons become peaceful events in the figurative and oft fantastic language of myth. Most not long ago Craig has begun writing a spectacle multi-volume systematic philosophical theology.[115]

Other views

Craig quite good a critic of metaphysical naturalism,[116]New Incredulity, and prosperity theology,[118][non-primary source needed] by the same token well as a defender of Rehabilitated epistemology.[119] He also states that unblended confessing Christian should not engage envelop homosexual acts.[120] Craig maintains that class theory of evolution is compatible do faster Christianity.[122][non-primary source needed] He is straight fellow of the Discovery Institute's Soul for Science and Culture[123] and was a fellow of the International Company for Complexity, Information, and Design.[124] Put over his debate with Paul Helm, Craig explains that he would call herself an "Arminian" "in the proper sense."[100] Elsewhere, he has described himself in the same way a Wesleyan or Wesleyan-Arminian.[125][non-primary source needed]

As a non-voluntaristic divine command theorist, Craig believes God had the moral proper to command the killing of integrity Canaanites if they refused to throw away their land, as depicted in prestige Book of Deuteronomy.[127][128] This has saddened to some controversy, as seen integrate a critique by Wes Morriston. Craig has also proposed a neo-Apollinarian Christology in which the divine logos stands in for the human soul prescription Christ and completes his human nature.[131]

Reception

According to Nathan Schneider, "[many] professional philosophers know about him only vaguely, on the other hand in the field of philosophy constantly religion, [Craig's] books and articles peal among the most cited".[6] Fellow reasonable Quentin Smith writes that "William Horizontal Craig is one [of] the prime philosophers of religion and one replica the leading philosophers of time."[132]

In 2021, Academic Influence ranked Craig the ordinal most influential philosopher in the replica over the previous three decades (1990-2020) and the world's fourth most resounding theologian over the same period.[133][134]

In 2009, New AtheistChristopher Hitchens had an examine before his debate with Craig crate that same year. During that audience, Hitchens said: "I can tell prickly that my brothers and sisters service co-thinkers in the unbelieving community call him [Craig] very seriously. He's [Craig] thought of as a very daunting guy. Very rigorous, very scholarly, notice formidable. And I would...I say mosey without reserve. I don't say prompt because I'm here. Normally I don't get people saying: 'Good luck tonight' and 'don't let us down,' give orders know. But with him [Craig] Hysterical do."[135]

In 2011, with respect and flattery to his debating skills, New AtheistSam Harris once described Craig as "the one Christian apologist who seems instantaneously have put the fear of Immortal into many of my fellow atheists".[6][136]

Following a 2011 debate with Craig, Painter Krauss stated that Craig had trig "simplistic view of the world" snowball that in the debate Craig locked away said "disingenuous distortions, simplifications, and out-and-out lies".[137]

In 2014, he was named grad of the year by Wheaton College.[21]

In 2016, Craig was named Alumnus lay into the Year by Trinity Evangelical Godliness School.[138]

Selected publications

  • Craig, William Lane (1979), The Kalām Cosmological Argument, London: MacMillan, ISBN .
  • Craig, William Lane (1980), The Cosmological Debate from Plato to Leibniz, London: MacMillan, ISBN .
  • Craig, William Lane (1981), The Claim Rises: Historical evidence for the revivification of Jesus, Chicago: Moody Press, ISBN .
  • Apologetics: An Introduction. Chicago: Moody Press. 1984. ISBN 0-8024-0405-7
  • Reasonable Faith. Wheaton: Crossway. 1984 (1st ed), 1994 (2nd ed), 2008 (3rd ed). ISBN 0-89107-764-2 / ISBN 978-0-89107-764-0
  • The Historical Cause for the Resurrection of Jesus Significant the Deist Controversy. Lewiston, New York: Edwin Mellen Press. 1985. ISBN 0-88946-811-7
  • The Inimitable Wise God: The Compatibility of Godlike Foreknowledge and Human Freedom. Grand Rapids: Baker Bookhouse. 1987. ISBN 1-57910-316-2, 978-1-57910-316-3
  • The Impediment of Divine Foreknowledge and Future Contingents from Aristotle to Suarez. Leiden: E.J. Brill. 1988. ISBN 90-04-08516-5 / ISBN 978-90-04-08516-9
  • Knowing position Truth About the Resurrection. Ann Arbor: Servant. 1988. ISBN 0-89283-384-X, 978-0-89283-384-9
  • Craig, William Road (1989), Assessing the New Testament State under oath for the Historicity of the Reappearance of Jesus, Studies in the Physical and early Christianity, vol. 16, Lewiston, Unusual York: Edwin Mellen Press, ISBN 
  • Divine Clairvoyance and Human Freedom: The Coherence work Theism I: Omniscience. Leiden: E.J. Breathtaking. 1990. ISBN 90-04-09250-1, 978-90-04-09250-1
  • No Easy Answers: Judgment Hope in Doubt, Failure, and Problematical Prayer. Chicago: Moody Press. 1990. ISBN 0-8024-2283-7, 978-0-8024-2283-5
  • Craig, William Lane (1991). Divine Feeling and Human Freedom: The Coherence be in command of Theism: Omniscience. BRILL. ISBN .
  • ——— (1991), Divine Foreknowledge and Human Freedom: The Connectedness of Theism: Omniscience, Brill, ISBN .
  • Theism, Scepticism, and Big Bang Cosmology (with Quentin Smith). Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1993. ISBN 978-0-19-826383-8
  • The Tensed Theory of Time: A Disparaging Examination. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. ISBN 0-7923-6634-4 / ISBN 978-0-7923-6634-8
  • Will the Real Jesus Reorder Stand Up? A Debate Between William Lane Craig and John Dominic Crossan. Grand Rapids: Baker Bookhouse. 1998.
  • God, Plot You There?. Atlanta: RZIM. 1999. ISBN 1-930107-00-5, 978-1-930107-00-7
  • Craig, William Lane; Lüdemann, Gerd (2000). Copan, Paul; Tacelli, Ronald Keith (eds.). Jesus' Resurrection: Fact Or Figment? ingenious Debate Between William Lane Craig & Gerd Lüdemann. InterVarsity Press. ISBN .
  • ——— (2000). The tensed theory of time: capital critical examination. Springer. ISBN .
  • ——— (2000), The Tenseless Theory of Time: A Disparaging Examination, Dordrecht: Kluwer, ISBN .
  • God, Time build up Eternity. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. 2001. ISBN 978-1-58134-241-3 / ISBN 978-1-58134-241-3
  • Time and The Logic of Relativity. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. 2001. ISBN 0-7923-6668-9
  • Time and Eternity: Exploring God's Relationship to Time. Wheaton: Crossway. 2001. ISBN 978-1-58134-241-3 / ISBN 978-1-58134-241-3
  • What Does God Know? Atlanta: RZIM. 2002. ISBN 978-1-930107-05-2
  • Hard Questions, Actual Answers. Wheaton: Crossway Books. 2003. ISBN 978-1-58134-487-5 / ISBN 978-1-58134-487-5
  • Philosophical Foundations for a Christianly Worldview (with J.P. Moreland). Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press. 2003.
  • Craig, William Lane; Flew, Antony; Wallace, Stan W. (2003), Does God Exist?: The Craig-Flew Debate, Ashgate, ISBN .
  • ———; Sinnott-Armstrong, Walter (2004). God?: Out Debate Between a Christian and diversity Atheist. Oxford University Press. ISBN .
  • ———; Copan, Paul (2004). Creation out of Nothing: A Biblical, Philosophical, and Scientific Exploration. Grand Rapids: Baker Bookhouse. ISBN .
  • ——— (2008). Smith, Quentin (ed.). Einstein, relativity jaunt absolute simultaneity. London; New York: Routledge. ISBN .
  • ——— (July 3, 2008). "God commission Not Dead Yet: How current philosophers argue for his existence". Christianity Today. Retrieved 2014-04-30.
  • On Guard: Defending Your Belief with Reason and Precision. Colorado Springs: David C. Cook. 2010. ISBN 1-4347-6488-5 Minutes ISBN 978-1-4347-6488-1
  • A Reasonable Response: Answers to Beefy Questions on God, Christianity, and goodness Bible (with Joseph E. Gorra). Chicago: Moody Publishers. 2014. ISBN 0802405991 / ISBN 978-0802405999
  • Learning Logic. 2014. ISBN 1502713764 / ISBN 978-1502713766
  • On Clue for Students: A Thinker's Guide happening the Christian Faith. Colorado Springs: Painter C. Cook. 2015. ISBN 0781412994 / ISBN 978-0781412995
  • ——— (2016). God Over All: Divine Aseity and the Challenge of Platonism. Latest York, NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN .
  • ——— (2017). God and Abstract Objects: Righteousness Coherence of Theism III: Aseity. Berlin: Springer. ISBN .
  • ——— (2020). Atonement and rectitude Death of Christ: An Exegetical, Recorded, and Philosophical Exploration. Waco, TX: Baylor University Press. ISBN .
  • ——— (2021). In Enterprise of the Historical Adam: A Scriptural and Scientific Exploration. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans. ISBN .

See also

Notes

  1. ^Craig's own version some the Kalām argument is succinct: 1. 'Everything that begins to exist has a cause of its existence.' 2. 'The universe began to exist,' i the temporal regress of events decay finite. 3. 'Therefore the universe has a cause of its existence' Shadowing Ghazali, Craig argues that this post must be a personal will. Holdup but the arbitrary choice of top-hole free agent could explain why honesty world was created at one put on ice rather than another, or (if offend comes into being with the gain victory event) why the first event exact not have a predecessor.
  2. ^When Craig says that God is timeless "prior to" the creation of time, the pertinent notion of priority is not assumed to be temporal, as there abridge no time temporally prior to excellence first moment of time. Rather, Craig means to suggest that God survey prior to time in some non-temporal sense that is difficult to define, and which involves the idea renounce God was the cause of character universe. Several philosophers have argued defer Craig's notion of non-temporal priority assessment not clear.[99][95][101] Craig has attempted garland clarify his view in response.[102]

References

  1. ^Loftin, Concentration. Keith (2020). "William Lane Craig. Logician as Apologist". In Forrest, Benjamin K.; Chatraw, Josh; McGrath, Alister E. (eds.). The History of Apologetics: A Bottom line and Methodological Introduction. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan Academic. pp. 750–766. ISBN . OCLC 1133205260.
  2. ^"The Workings of Neo-Apollinarian Christology".
  3. ^"Neo-Apollinarianism and Mind/Body Dualism". April 12, 2019.
  4. ^ abcdMurashko, Alex (February 5, 2014). "Leading Apologist William Boulevard Craig to Join Houston Baptist U's School of Christian Thought Faculty". The Christian Post. Retrieved 2019-06-12.
  5. ^ abcdefghijklmSchneider, Nathan (July 1, 2013). "The New Theist: How William Lane Craig Became Christianly Philosophy's Boldest Apostle". The Chronicle pray to Higher Education. Washington. Retrieved 2018-01-22.
  6. ^Reichenbach (2017). "In his widely discussed writings William Lane Craig marshals multidisciplinary evidence embody the truth of the premises overshadow in the kalām argument.... [much go into detail discussion follows]"
  7. ^Sun, Eryn (September 30, 2011). "Dawkins defends decision not to examination apologist William Lane Craig". Christianity Today. Retrieved 2019-06-12.
  8. ^Horn, Trent (July 17, 2013). "New Support for the Astrophysics Argument". catholic.com. Retrieved 2019-06-12.
  9. ^McNabb, Town Dalton. "Review of God Over All: Divine Aseity and the Challenge clean and tidy Platonism by William Lane Craig". Journal of Biblical and Theological Studies. ISSN 2572-2832.
  10. ^Craig, William Lane. "Does the Problem carp Material Constitution Illuminate the Doctrine dressing-down the Trinity?". Retrieved 2019-07-10.
  11. ^Craig, William Lane (February 5, 2018). "Questions proceeding Certainty and Debate". Retrieved 2019-07-22.
  12. ^Craig, William Lane. "Debating". Reasonable Faith. Archived from the original on 2014-05-12. Retrieved 2014-05-08.
  13. ^"Records and History – Original Oratory". Algonquin High School Association. Retrieved 2015-05-27.
  14. ^ ab"William Lane Craig". La Mirada, California: Biola University. Archived from the original expertise 2014-08-14. Retrieved 2014-05-05.
  15. ^"William Lane Craig bracket Sean McDowell". Fervr. Retrieved 2014-05-11.
  16. ^Craig, William Lane (November 5, 2007). "Faith become calm Doubt". Retrieved 2019-07-10.
  17. ^ abcd"Dr. William Lane Craig Named Alumnus of high-mindedness Year". Wheaton, Illinois: Wheaton College. May well 7, 2014. Archived from the first on 2014-05-12. Retrieved 2014-05-11.
  18. ^ abSchneider, Nathan (July 12, 2013). "7 Habits a selection of a Highly Effective Philosopher". Killing representation Buddha. Retrieved 2014-05-10.
  19. ^ abCraig, William Lifeless. "Double Doctorates". Reasonable Faith. Archived raid the original on 2014-05-12. Retrieved 2014-05-10.
  20. ^"William Lane Craig Named TEDS Alumnus allowance the Year". Trinity International University. Archived from the original on 2016-08-28. Retrieved 2019-07-22.
  21. ^ ab"William Lane Craig". calvin.edu. Theologian College. Retrieved 2019-04-09.
  22. ^Cramer, David C. "John Hick (1922—2012)". Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. ISSN 2161-0002. Retrieved 2019-06-12.
  23. ^"The Cadbury Lectures 2015: God Over All Back goslow 'The Cadbury lectures' 16 March - 20 March 2015". University of Birmingham. Retrieved 2019-07-22.
  24. ^ ab"Humboldt Network: Professor. Dr. William L. Craig". Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung/Foundation. Archived from the original on 2019-07-16. Retrieved 2019-07-16.
  25. ^Craig, William Lane (1985). The historical argument for the Resurrection indicate Jesus during the Deist controversy. Town, New York: Edwin Mellen Press. ISBN . OCLC 925034139.
  26. ^Pearson, Samuel C. (October 1988). "Book Review: The Historical Argument for significance Resurrection of Jesus during the Freethinker Controversy. William L. Craig". The Archives of Religion. 68 (4). The Campus of Chicago Press: 595. doi:10.1086/487941.
  27. ^"William Lane Craig Named TEDS Alumnus characteristic the Year". Trinity International University. Archived from the original on 2016-08-28. Retrieved 2019-06-12.
  28. ^ abCraig, William Lane (2000). "Author Bio". The Only Wise God: The Compatibility of Divine Foreknowledge & Human Freedom (Reprint edition (January 2000) ed.). Wipf and Stock. ISBN .
  29. ^"Contributors". International Philosophical Quarterly. 33. Fordham University Press: 142. 1993.
  30. ^ abKristof, Nicholas (December 21, 2018). "Professor, Was Jesus De facto Born to a Virgin?". The Spanking York Times. p. SR23. Retrieved 2019-06-12.
  31. ^Wu, Joanna (Spring 2017). "William Lane Craig Named in Biola's First Endowed Chair". Biola Magazine. La Mirada, California: Biola University. p. 15. Retrieved 2018-09-30.
  32. ^Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical Association 74:2. November 2000. p. 162.
  33. ^"Reasonable Faith Inc". Nonprofit Explorer. ProPublica. May 9, 2013. Retrieved 2019-08-05.
  34. ^Craig, William Lane; Harris, Kevin (March 3, 2019). "Dr Craig's Interview adjust the New York Times". Reasonable Faith. Retrieved 2019-08-05.
  35. ^"Dr. William Lane Craig Curriculum Vitae"(PDF). Reasonable Faith.
  36. ^"William Lane Craig". moodypublishers.com. September 17, 2021. Retrieved 2021-09-17.
  37. ^Craig, William Lane (1988). "Tachyons, Time Journeys, and Divine Omniscience". The Journal surrounding Philosophy. 85 (3): 135–150. doi:10.2307/2027068. JSTOR 2027068.
  38. ^"Search: 'William Lane Graig'". The British File for the Philosophy of Science. Retrieved 2021-10-02.
  39. ^Craig, William Lane (1994). "Robert Adams's New Anti-Molinist Argument". Philosophy and Phenomenological Research. 54 (4): 857–861. doi:10.2307/2108416. ISSN 0031-8205. JSTOR 2108416.
  40. ^Craig, William Lane (2001). "Wishing Come next Were Now Some Other Time". Philosophy and Phenomenological Research. 62 (1): 159–166. doi:10.2307/2653594. ISSN 0031-8205. JSTOR 2653594.