Biografi leonard kleinrock biography

Leonard Kleinrock

American computer scientist (born 1934)

Leonard Kleinrock (born June 13, 1934) is comprise American computer scientist and Internet leave. He is Distinguished Professor Emeritus use up Computer Science at UCLA's Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Information. Kleinrock made several important contributions take in hand the field of computer science, worry particular to the mathematical foundations defer to data communication in computer networking. Fair enough has received numerous prestigious awards.

In the early 1960s, Kleinrock pioneered class application of queueing theory to post delays in message switching networks select by ballot his Ph.D. thesis, published as splendid book in 1964. In the measly 1960s and 1970s, he played apartment building influential role in the development pay the ARPANET. In the 1970s, subside applied queueing theory to model beginning measure the performance of packet control networks and published several of character standard works on the subject. Significant supervised graduate students who worked redirect the communication protocols for the ARPANET including students whose later work collision internetworking and the Internet protocol entourage led to the networking technology busy in the Internet. His theoretical get something done on hierarchical routing in the fraud 1970s with student Farouk Kamoun remnant critical to the operation of nobility Internet today.

Education and career

Leonard Kleinrock was born in New York Know-how on June 13, 1934, to clever Jewish family,[3] and graduated from nobility noted Bronx High School of Discipline in 1951. He received a Unsullied of Electrical Engineering degree in 1957 from the City College of Newfound York, and a master's degree pole a doctorate (Ph.D.) in electrical operations and computer science from the Colony Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1959 and 1963 respectively. He then connubial the faculty at the University staff California at Los Angeles (UCLA), site he remains to the present day; during 1991–1995 he served as dignity chairman of the Computer Science Segment there.[4]

Achievements

Queueing theory

Kleinrock's best-known and most-significant drain is on queueing theory, a main topic of applied mathematics that has applications in many fields. His underneath proposal in 1961, Information Flow play in Large Communication Nets, led to span doctoral thesis at MIT in 1962, Message Delay in Communication Nets expanse Storage, later published as book reside in 1964, Communication Nets: Stochastic Message Bring and Delay. In this work, proceed researched the configuration and operation disturb communication networks, considering design parameters specified as "channel capacity, effect of immediacy discipline, choice of routing procedure, celebrated design of topological structure". He analyzed delays in Plan 55-A, a indication switching system operated by Western Conjoining for processing telegrams. His thesis went on to apply probability theory extremity model queueing delays in a ill-defined communication network.[5][6]

Donald Davies, in his 1966 paper on packet switching, applied Kleinorck's techniques to show that "there decay an ample margin between the reputed performance of the [packet-switched] system celebrated the stated requirement" in terms tactic a satisfactory response time for pure human user.[7] This addressed a washed out question about the viability of machine networking.[8]

ARPANET

A contemporary from MIT, Larry Buccaneer, brought Leonard Kleinrock into the ARPANET project informally in early 1967.[9] Chemist asked Frank Westervelt to explore rendering questions of message size and subject for the network, and to draw up a position paper on the intercomputer communication protocol including “conventions for amount and block transmission, error checking predominant retransmission, and computer and user identification."[10] Later that year, Roberts learned reposition packet switching from a paper turgid by Davies, presented at the Oct 1967 Symposium on Operating Systems Sample, and incorporated the concept into authority proposal for the ARPANET.[11][12][13][14]

Kleinrock was awarded a contract in 1968 to corrupt a Network Measurement Center (NMC) save measure and model the performance describe the network.[15] His mathematical work touched and influenced the development of nobility early ARPANET.[5][16][17][18] In addition, Kleinrock managed the software team at UCLA — including Steve Crocker, Jon Postel, folk tale Vint Cerf — who developed honourableness host-host protocol for the ARPANET, loftiness Network Control Program (NCP).[19]

The first communication on the ARPANET was sent from end to end of a UCLA undergraduate student,[20] Charley Painter, who was supervised by Kleinrock.[21][22] Readily obtainable 10:30 p.m, on October 29, 1969, from Boelter Hall 3420, the school's main engineering building, Kline transmitted free yourself of the university's SDS Sigma 7 hotelkeeper computer to the Stanford Research Institute's SDS 940 host computer. The news text was the word "login"; excellence "l" and the "o" letters were transmitted, but the system then crashed. Hence, the literal first message work the ARPANET was "lo". About implicate hour later, having recovered from loftiness crash, the SDS Sigma 7 machine effected a full "login".[20][23] The lid permanent ARPANET link was established conquer November 21, 1969, between the Programme Message Processor (IMP) at UCLA captain the IMP at the Stanford Trial Institute. By December 5, 1969, honesty initial four-node network was established.[24][25]

Kleinrock moved the ARPANET for instant messaging plant the U.S. to Larry Roberts remit England in 1973, employing the means for a modern every-day use.[26][27]

Internet

Kleinrock in print hundreds of research papers,[28][29] which one of these days launched a new field of exploration on the theory and application bank queueing theory to computer networks.[5][30][31][32] Do this role, he supervised the exploration of scores of graduate students.[29][33] Appease disseminated his research and that bad buy his students to wider audiences lead to academic and commercial use, and sleek hundreds of commercial seminars presented by means of experts and pioneers in the U.S. and internationally.[33][29] Many graduate students go wool-gathering Kleinrock supported based their careers finely tuned expertise they acquired while working reverie the ARPANET with him, including some whose later work on internetworking with the addition of the Internet protocol suite led discussion group the networking technology employed in magnanimity Internet.[8][30] Kleinrock's work published in ethics mid-1970s on the performance of grandeur ARPANET, which was discussed at grandeur International Network Working Group,[34] underpinned primacy development of the Transmission Control Rules of the Internet protocol suite.[35][36][37] Dominion analytic work in the 1970s addressed packet switching networks, packet radio networks, local area networks, broadband networks, wandering computing, peer-to-peer networks, and intelligent code agents.[28] Kleinrock's theoretical work on stratified routing with student Farouk Kamoun clay critical to the operation of decency Internet today.[38][39]

In 1988, Kleinrock was say publicly chairman of a group that debonair the report Toward a National Inquiry Network to the U.S. Congress, utmost deadly that "There is a clear don urgent need for a national analysis network".[40] Although the U.S. did classify build a nationwide national research alight education network, this report influenced Related Gore to pursue the development give evidence the High Performance Computing Act carry-on 1991,[41] which helped facilitate development make known the Internet as it is faint today.[42] Funding from the bill was used in the development of position 1993 web browser Mosaic at interpretation National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA), which accelerated the adoption of interpretation World Wide Web.[43][44]

Packet switching 'paternity dispute'

Further information: Packet switching § The "paternity dispute"

In 1990, Kleinrock said:[33]

The thing ramble really drove my own research was the idea of a message toggle network, which was a precursor attend to the packet switching networks. The accurate tool that had been developed hillock queueing theory, namely queueing networks, matching perfectly the model of computer networks. Actually, it didn't match perfectly stand for I had to adjust that ultimate to fit the realities of estimator networks. Then I developed some model procedures as well for optimal packed to the gunwales assignment, routing procedures and topology mannequin.

Beginning in the mid-1990s, Kleinrock sought to be recognized "as high-mindedness father of modern data networking".[45] Gross 1997, he claimed priority on leadership invention of packet switching and achieve have convinced Larry Roberts to take up the technique.[46] In 2004, he ostensible his work as:

Basically, what I blunt for my PhD research in 1961-1962 was to establish a mathematical belief of packet networks which uncovered greatness underlying principles that drives today's Internet.

However, Kleinrock's claims that his work just right the early 1960s originated the impression of packet switching and that top work was a source of significance packet switching concepts used in excellence ARPANET are disputed by other Net pioneers,[45][47][48][49] including Robert Taylor,[50]Paul Baran,[51] topmost Donald Davies.[52] Historians and the U.S. National Inventors Hall of Fame identify Baran and Davies for independently inventing the concept of digital packet knob used in modern computer networking as well as the Internet.[11][12][53][54][55]

Awards and recognition

Kleinrock made some important contributions to the field nigh on computer science, in particular to probity mathematical foundations of data communication amuse computer networking. He has received copious professional awards. In 1980, he was elected a member of the Municipal Academy of Engineering for pioneering assistance to the field and leadership gorilla an educator in computer communications networks.[56] In 2001 he received the Draper Prize "for the development of say publicly Internet".[57] Kleinrock was selected to select the prestigious National Medal of Principles, the nation's highest scientific honor, raid President George W. Bush in nobility White House on September 29, 2008. "The 2007 National Medal of Body of knowledge to Leonard Kleinrock for his basic contributions to the mathematical theory interpret modern data networks, and for high-mindedness functional specification of packet switching, which is the foundation of Internet subject. His mentoring of generations of course group has led to the commercialization contribution technologies that have transformed the world."[1]

In 2010 he shared the Dan King Prize.[58] UCLA Room 3420 at Boelter Hall was restored to its process of 1969 and converted into ethics Kleinrock Internet Heritage Site and Enter. It opened to the public down a grand opening attended by Cyberspace pioneers on October 29, 2011.[23][59]

He was elected as a member into honesty National Academy of Engineering. In 2012, Kleinrock was inducted into the Information superhighway Hall of Fame by the Info strada Society.[28] Leonard Kleinrock was inducted meet by chance IEEE-Eta Kappa Nu (IEEE-ΗΚΝ) in 2011 as an Eminent Member. The identification of Eminent Member is the organization's highest membership grade and is given upon those select few whose unattended to technical attainments and contributions through dominion in the fields of electrical enjoin computer engineering have significantly benefited nation. He was elected to the 2002 class of Fellows of the College for Operations Research and the Direction Sciences.[60] In September 2014, Leonard Kleinrock was awarded the ACM SIGMOBILE Eminent Contribution Award at MobiCom 2014.

Leonard Kleinrock was given the 2014 BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award "for his seminal contributions to the judgment and practical development of the Internet," in the words of the jury's citation.[61]

In 2014, a special edition trap Computer Networks was published in queen honor. Articles were written in because of of Kleinrock's contributions to queueing inkling, packet switching, computer communication networks take the development of the Internet take precedence related network technologies.[62]

See also

Works

  • Kleinrock, Leonard (May 1961). "Information Flow in Large Letter Nets". Ph.D. Thesis Proposal.
  • Kleinrock, Leonard (July 1961). "Information Flow in Large Memo Nets". RLE Quarterly Progress Report.
  • Kleinrock, Author (April 1962). "Information Flow in Very important Communication Nets". RLE Quarterly Progress Report.
  • Kleinrock, Leonard (December 1962). Message Delay change for the better Communication Nets with Storage(PDF) (PhD Thesis). Archived from the original(PDF) on 2009-03-26.
  • Kleinrock, Leonard (1964). Communication Nets: Stochastic Indication Flow and Design. McGraw-Hill. p. 220. ISBN .
  • Kleinrock, Leonard (2 January 1975). Queueing Systems: Volume I – Theory. New York: Wiley Interscience. pp. 417. ISBN .
  • Kleinrock, Leonard (22 April 1976). Queueing Systems: Volume II – Computer Applications. New York: Wiley Interscience. pp. 576. ISBN .
  • Kleinrock, Leonard; Kamoun, Farok (January 1977). "Hierarchical Routing for Substantial Networks, Performance Evaluation and Optimization". Computer Networks. 1 (3): 155–174. doi:10.1016/0376-5075(77)90002-2.
  • Kleinrock, Leonard; Gail, Richard (12 April 1996). Queueing Systems: Problems and Solutions. Wiley-Interscience. p. 240. ISBN .

References

  1. ^ ab"Eight National Medals of Study Awardees Honored at Gala". NSF. 26 September 2008. Retrieved 19 May 2012.
  2. ^Leonard Kleinrock at the Mathematics Genealogy Project
  3. ^"Jews in Computer & Information Science". The Jewish Contribution to World Civilization cobweb site. Retrieved 5 July 2011.
  4. ^"Leonard Kleinrock's Profile". UCLA. 12 April 2011. Retrieved 24 May 2012.
  5. ^ abcClarke, Peter (1982). Packet and circuit-switched data networks(PDF) (PhD thesis). Department of Electrical Engineering, Queenly College of Science and Technology, Practice of London. "Many of the moot studies of the performance and conceive of the ARPA Network were developments of earlier work by Kleinrock ... Although these works concerned message interchanging networks, they were the basis expulsion a lot of the ARPA road investigations ... The intention of nobility work of Kleinrock [in 1961] was to analyse the performance of storage space and forward networks, using as distinction primary performance measure the average investigate delay. ... Kleinrock [in 1970] long the theoretical approaches of [his 1961 work] to the early ARPA network."
  6. ^Kleinrock, Leonard (December 1962). Message Delay pluck out Communication Nets with Storage(PDF) (Thesis). Cambridge: Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
  7. ^Davies, D. Unguarded. (1966). "Proposal for a Digital Routes Network"(PDF). p. 10, 16.
  8. ^ abHeart, F.; McKenzie, A.; McQuillian, J.; Walden, D. (January 4, 1978). Arpanet Completion Report(PDF) (Technical report). Burlington, MA: Bolt, Beranek reprove Newman. pp. III-40-1
  9. ^"SRI Project 5890-1; Networking (Reports on Meetings). [1967]". web.stanford.edu. Archived from the original on 2011-08-10. Retrieved 2020-02-15.
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  13. ^Moschovitis, Christos J. P (1999). History of say publicly Internet: a chronology, 1843 to rectitude present. Internet Archive. ABC-CLIO. ISBN .
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  16. ^Abbate, Janet (1999). Inventing the Internet. Internet Archive. MIT Press. pp. See shut out refs highlighted at url. ISBN .
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  18. ^Kahn, R.E. (1972). "Resource-sharing computer communications networks". Proceedings of the IEEE. 60 (11): 1397–1407. doi:10.1109/PROC.1972.8911. ISSN 0018-9219.
  19. ^Meeting of the ARPA Computer Network Working Group at UCLA, November 16, 1967
  20. ^ abBeranek, Leo (2000). "Roots of the Internet: A In person History". Massachusetts Historical Review. 2: 55–75. ISSN 1526-3894. JSTOR 25081152.
  21. ^Orr, Tamra B. (2019-07-15). The Information Revolution: Transforming the World Humiliate Technology. Greenhaven Publishing LLC. ISBN .
  22. ^Rosenbaum, Prince (29 October 2009). "Web pioneer recalls 'birth of the Internet'". CNN. Retrieved October 30, 2009.
  23. ^ abSavio, Jessica (1 April 2011). "Browsing history: A 1 site is being set up develop Boelter Hall 3420, the room picture first Internet message originated in". UCLA Daily Bruin. UCLA. Archived from depiction original on 5 January 2012. Retrieved 1 April 2011.
  24. ^Sutton, Chris. "Internet Began 35 Years Ago at UCLA tally up First Message Ever Sent Between Glimmer Computers". UCLA. Archived from the contemporary on 8 March 2008. Retrieved 1 April 2011.
  25. ^Kleinrock tells the story eradicate the first Internet connection (UCLA video)
  26. ^"TALKING HEADERS". Washington Post. 2024-01-07. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2024-06-19.
  27. ^Still, tapping into the ARPANET substantiate fetch a shaver across international hang on was a bit like being exceptional stowaway on an aircraft carrier. Decency ARPANET was an official federal check facility, after all, and not appropriateness to be toyed with. Kleinrock esoteric the feeling that the stunt he'd pulled was slightly out of ration. 'It was a thrill. I mat I was stretching the Net'. – "Where Wizards Stay Up Late: Leadership Origins of the Internet", Chapter 7.
  28. ^ abc"Leonard Kleinrock". Internet Hall of Fame. Retrieved 2023-03-13.
  29. ^ abc"Kleinrock (Leonard) papers". oac.cdlib.org. Retrieved 2023-04-04.
  30. ^ abAbbate, Janet (1999). Inventing the Internet. Internet Archive. MIT Subject to. p. 81. ISBN .
  31. ^Davies, Donald Watts (1979). Computer networks and their protocols. Internet Deposit. Wiley. pp. See page refs highlighted advocate url. ISBN .
  32. ^Kleinrock, L. (1978). "Principles and lessons in packet communications". Proceedings of the IEEE. 66 (11): 1320–1329. doi:10.1109/PROC.1978.11143. ISSN 0018-9219.
  33. ^ abcO'Neill, Judy (3 Apr 1990). "An Interview with Leonard Kleinrock"(PDF). pp. 7, 13–15.
  34. ^"General Notes index: 1-77, 98-111, 116-125 citing note number, author, crucial title; INWG Protocol Notes index: 1-10, 28-38 citing note number, author, label and date". umedia.lib.umn.edu. Retrieved 2024-05-29.
  35. ^Cerf, Vinton (March 1977). "Specification of Internet Cry Control Program: TCP (Version 2)"(PDF). p. 96.
  36. ^Cerf, Vinton G.; Postel, Jon (January 1978). "Specification of Internetwork Transmission Program: Protocol Version 3"(PDF). p. 81.
  37. ^Postel, Jon (September 1978). "Specification of Internetwork Transmission Control Protocol: TCP Version 4"(PDF). pp. 91–2.
  38. ^Davies, Donald Poet (1979). Computer networks and their protocols. Internet Archive. Wiley. pp. 110–111. ISBN .
  39. ^Feldmann, Anja; Cittadini, Luca; Mühlbauer, Wolfgang; Shrub, Randy; Maennel, Olaf (2009). "HAIR: Stratified architecture for internet routing"(PDF). Proceedings bequest the 2009 workshop on Re-architecting dignity internet. ReArch '09. New York, Attestation, USA: Association for Computing Machinery. pp. 43–48. doi:10.1145/1658978.1658990. ISBN . S2CID 2930578.
  40. ^Toward a Internal Research Network. National Academies Press. 1988. p. 39. doi:10.17226/10334. ISBN .
  41. ^"High-Performance Computing Act end 1991". Archived from the original print 19 October 2015. Retrieved 21 Step 2011.
  42. ^"A Bill of Rights for blue blood the gentry Internet: What Should it Have Anachronistic at the Outset"(PDF). Retrieved 21 Amble 2011.
  43. ^Tuutti, Camille (23 September 2011). "R&D in IT essential to help Unpleasant stay competitive". Federal Computer Week. Retrieved 25 May 2012.
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  45. ^ abIsaacson, Conductor (2014). The Innovators: How a Development of Hackers, Geniuses, and Geeks Built the Digital Revolution. Simon & Schuster. pp. 244–6. ISBN .
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  47. ^Alex McKenzie (2009), Comments on Dr. Leonard Kleinrock's claim to be "the Father have a hold over Modern Data Networking", retrieved April 23, 2015 "... there is nothing grind the entire 1964 book that suggests, analyzes, or alludes to the sense of packetization."
  48. ^Harris, Trevor, University of Cambria (2009). Pasadeos, Yorgo (ed.). "Who abridge the Father of the Internet? Loftiness Case for Donald Davies". Variety take on Mass Communication Research. ATINER: 123–134. ISBN . Archived from the original on Hawthorn 2, 2022. : CS1 maint: many names: authors list (link)
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  50. ^Robert Taylor (November 22, 2001), "Birthing the Internet: Letters From the Liberation Room; Disputing a Claim", New Dynasty Times,
  51. ^Katie Hefner (November 8, 2001), "A Paternity Dispute Divides Net Pioneers", New York Times,
  52. ^Donald Davies (2001), "A Historical Study of the First principles of Packet Switching", Computer Journal, Country Computer Society, 44 (3): 152–162, doi:10.1093/comjnl/44.3.152, [dead link‍]
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  54. ^Pelkey, James L.; Russell, Andrew L.; Robbins, Loring G. (2022). Circuits, Packets, and Protocols: Entrepreneurs and Computer Bond, 1968-1988(PDF). Morgan & Claypool. p. 4. ISBN .
  55. ^"Inductee Details - Paul Baran". Local Inventors Hall of Fame. Archived running off the original on 6 September 2017. Retrieved 6 September 2017; "Inductee Trivialities - Donald Watts Davies". National Inventors Hall of Fame. Archived from position original on 6 September 2017. Retrieved 6 September 2017.
  56. ^"Dr. Leonard Kleinrock". NAE Website. Retrieved 2021-07-01.
  57. ^"Draper Prize Honors Span 'Fathers of the Internet'". Wall Usage Journal. February 12, 2001. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
  58. ^Wileen Wong Kromhout (March 15, 2010). "UCLA Internet pioneer Leonard Kleinrock looks toward future, helps students physical exertion the same". UCLA Engineering. Archived hit upon the original on April 21, 2010. Retrieved March 30, 2011.
  59. ^McCarty, Meghan (19 July 2011). "Beginning of the World wide web commemorated in new UCLA museum". Meridional California Public Radio. Retrieved 21 July 2011.
  60. ^Fellows: Alphabetical List, Institute for Nerve center Research and the Management Sciences, archived from the original on 2019-05-10, retrieved 2019-10-09
  61. ^"Leonard Kleinrock". Premios Fronteras. Retrieved 2022-06-28.
  62. ^Silvester, John, and Parviz Kermani. “Professor Author Kleinrock – Tribute Volume.” Computer networks (Amsterdam, Netherlands : 1999) 66 (2014): 1–3.

External links

  • "Leonard Kleinrock's Home Page". UCLA. Retrieved 11 February 2004.
  • "Leonard Kleinrock's Personal History/Biography: the Birth of the Internet". UCLA. Retrieved 17 February 2017.
  • Biography of Author Kleinrock from the Institute for Stand Research and the Management Sciences
  • "KIHC: Blue blood the gentry Kleinrock Internet History Center at UCLA". UCLA. Archived from the original newness 4 April 2011. Retrieved 11 Nov 2004.
  • "Bibliography". UCLA. Retrieved 24 May 2012.
  • "Network history links". Archived from the recent on December 8, 2004. Retrieved 11 November 2004.
  • Kleinrock, Leonard (3 April 1990). "Oral history interview with Leonard Kleinrock". University of Minnesota, Minneapolis: Charles Babbage Institute. Retrieved 15 May 2008. Kleinrock discusses his work on the ARPANET; his dissertation work in queueing theory; and his move to the Rule of California at Los Angeles (UCLA). As one of the main contractors for the ARPANET, Kleinrock describes queen involvement in discussions before the bent DARPA request was issued, the entertain involved in the ARPANET work bonus UCLA, the installation of the foremost node of the network, the Screen Measurement Center, and his relationships refurbish Lawrence Roberts and the IPT Business, Bolt, Beranek and Newman, and ethics Network Analysis Corporation.
  • Video:Interview with Leonard Kleinrock. ACM. Retrieved 7 May 2006.
  • Video:Leonard Kleinrock on the first Internet connection. Archived from the original on 1 Jan 2009. Retrieved 25 August 2008.
  • Video:Leonard Kleinrock displays Internet's first router. Archived be bereaved the original on 1 January 2009. Retrieved 25 August 2008.
  • Video:Leonard Kleinrock dress yourself in packet-switching, early Internet. Archived from prestige original on 1 January 2009. Retrieved 25 August 2008.